Academic Publications

@article{ViverosSantos2023b,

title = {Modelling the influence of climate change on characterization factors for copper terrestrial ecotoxicity},

author = { {Viveros Santos}, Ivan and Annie Levasseur and Cécile Bulle and Louise Deschênes and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137601},

issn = {09596526},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {414},

pages = {137601},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bjrn2023,

title = {Differentiation of greenhouse gases in corporate science-based targets improves alignment with Paris temperature goal},

author = {Anders Bjørn and Shannon M. Lloyd and Urs Schenker and Manuele Margni and Annie Levasseur and Maxime Agez and H. Damon Matthews},

doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ace0cf},

issn = {1748-9326},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Letters},

abstract = {<p>Companies are increasingly setting greenhouse gas emission reduction targets to align with the 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement. Currently, companies set these science-based targets (SBTs) for aggregate GHGs expressed in CO2-equivalent emissions. This approach does not specify which gases will be reduced and risk misalignment with ambitious mitigation scenarios in which individual gas emissions are mitigated at different rates. We propose that companies instead set reduction targets for separate baskets of GHGs, defined according to the atmospheric lifetimes and global mitigation potentials of GHGs. We use a sector-level analysis to approximate the average impact of this proposal on company SBTs. We apply a multiregional environmentally extended input output model and a range of 1.5°C emissions scenarios to compare 1-, 2- and 3-basket approaches for calculating sector-level SBTs for direct (scope 1) and indirect (scope 2 and upstream scope 3) emissions for all major global sectors. The multi-basket approaches lead to higher reduction requirements for scope 1 and 2 emissions than the current single-basket approach for most sectors, because these emission sources are usually dominated by CO2, which is typically mitigated faster than other gases in 1.5°C scenarios. Exceptions are scope 1 emissions for fossil and biological raw material production and waste management, which are dominated by other GHGs (mainly CH4 and N2O). On the other hand, upstream scope 3 reduction targets at the sector level often become less ambitious with a multi-basket approach, owing mainly to substantial shares of CH4 and, in some cases, non-CO2 long-lived emissions. Our results indicate that a shift to a multi-basket approach would improve the alignment of SBTs with the Paris temperature goal and would require most of the current set of companies with approved SBTs to increase the ambition of their scope 1 and scope 2 targets.</p>},

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pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{deBortoli2023d,

title = {Understanding the environmental impacts of virgin aggregates: Critical literature review and primary comprehensive life cycle assessments},

author = { Anne de Bortoli},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137629},

issn = {09596526},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {415},

pages = {137629},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hajjar2023,

title = {Life cycle impact assessment framework for assessing physical effects on biota of marine microplastics emissions},

author = {Carla Hajjar and Cécile Bulle and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-023-02212-7},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Corella-Puertas2023,

title = {MarILCA characterization factors for microplastic impacts in life cycle assessment: Physical effects on biota from emissions to aquatic environments},

author = {Elena Corella-Puertas and Carla Hajjar and Jérôme Lavoie and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138197},

issn = {09596526},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {418},

pages = {138197},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{LHaridon2023,

title = {SPOT: A Strategic Life-Cycle-Assessment-Based Methodology and Tool for Cosmetic Product Eco-Design},

author = {Jacques L’Haridon and Laure Patouillard and Julien Pedneault and Anne-Marie Boulay and François Witte and Marcial Vargas-Gonzalez and Philippe Bonningue and Isabelle Rollat and Thierry Blanchard and Gabriel Goncalves and Alice Hervio and Laurent Gilbert},

doi = {10.3390/su151914321},

issn = {2071-1050},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability},

volume = {15},

issue = {19},

pages = {14321},

abstract = {<p>The cosmetics industry is facing growing pressure to offer more sustainable products, which can be tackled by applying eco-design. This article aims to present the Sustainable Product Optimization Tool (SPOT) methodology developed by L’Oréal to eco-design its cosmetic products and the strategies adopted for its implementation while presenting the challenges encountered along the way. The SPOT methodology is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of a finished product and its subsystems (formula, packaging, manufacturing and distribution). Several environmental indicators are assessed, normalized and weighted based on the planetary boundaries concept, and then aggregated into a single footprint. A product sustainability index (a single rating, easy to interpret) is then obtained by merging the environmental product rating derived from the single environmental footprint with the social rating (not covered here). The use of the SPOT method is shown by two case studies. The implementation of SPOT, based on specific strategic and managerial measures (corporate and brand targets, Key Performance Indicators, and financial incentives) is discussed. These measures have enabled L’Oréal to have 97% of their products stated as eco-designed in 2022. SPOT shows how eco-design can be implemented on a large scale without compromising scientific robustness. Eco-design tools must strike the right balance between the complexity of the LCA and the ease of interpretation of the results, and have a robust implementation plan to ensure a successful eco-design strategy.</p>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{Zhang2023,

title = {Remarkable Spatial Disparity of Life Cycle Inventory for Coal Production in China},

author = {You Zhang and Xuewei Liu and Laure Patouillard and Manuele Margni and Cécile Bulle and Hui Hua and Zengwei Yuan},

doi = {10.1021/acs.est.3c01860},

issn = {0013-936X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science & Technology},

volume = {57},

issue = {41},

pages = {15443-15453},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mangin2022,

title = {Les sciences cognitives face aux changements climatiques : apports et limites pour l’éducation relative à l’environnement},

author = {Clément Mangin and Anne-Sophie Gousse-Lessard},

doi = {10.4000/ere.8307},

issn = {1373-9689},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Éducation relative à l'environnement},

issue = {Volume 17-1},

abstract = {La nécessité d’apporter des réponses adéquates aux changements climatiques pose pour l’éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE), plusieurs défis quant à la diffusion des connaissances et leur traduction en actions, dans un contexte de déni persistant sur fond de polarisation idéologique. Certaines sciences cognitives, telle la psychologie cognitive, jettent un éclairage sur ces défis qui peut s’avérer riche en enseignements pour l’ERE. Toutefois, ces travaux s’exposent à au moins deux catégories de critiques. Les premières, d’ordre épistémologique et méthodologique, questionnent la reproductibilité et la validité externe des résultats et mettent au jour des penchants déterministes et centrés sur l’individu. Les autres, d’ordre éthique et politique, s’inquiètent des tendances post-démocratiques des solutions suggérées. Dès lors, que pourrait retenir l’ERE des enseignements des sciences cognitives pour favoriser l’action climatique et de quoi devrait-elle se garder ? Cette question est explorée à travers une analyse critique de ces enseignements, soulignant l’importance du développement de compétences métacognitives et de la lutte contre l’individualisme, et la nécessité d’approches plus démocratiques.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{Tang2022,

title = {An effect factor approach for quantifying the impact of plastic additives on aquatic biota in life cycle assessment},

author = {Yibo Tang and Rose Nangah Mankaa and Marzia Traverso},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-022-02046-9},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {27},

issue = {4},

pages = {564-572},

abstract = {Purpose 

Plastic pervades now almost every aspect of our daily lives, but this prosperity has led to an increasing amount of plastic debris, which is now widespread in the oceans and represents a serious threat to biota. However, there is a general lack of consideration regarding marine plastic impacts in life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper presents a preliminary approach to facilitate the characterization of chemical impacts related to marine plastic within the LCA framework. 

Methods 

A literature review was carried out first to summarize the current state of research on the impact assessment of marine plastic. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop LCA-compliant indicators and models that address the impact of marine littering, entanglement, and ingestion. The toxicity of plastic additives to marine biota is currently a less understood impact pathway and also the focus of this study. Relevant ecotoxicity data were collected from scientific literature for a subsequent additive-specific effect factor (EF) development, which was conducted based on the USEtox approach. Extrapolation factors used for the data conversion were also extracted from reliable sources. 

Results and discussion 

EFs were calculated for six commonly used additives to quantify their toxicity impacts on aquatic species. Triclosan shows an extremely high level of toxicity, while bisphenol A and bisphenol F are considered less toxic according to the results. Apart from additive-specific EFs, a generic EF was also generated, along with the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) illustrating the gathered data used to calculate this EF. Further ecotoxicity data are expected to expand the coverage of additives and species for deriving more robust EFs. In addition, a better understanding of the interactive effect between polymers and additives needs to be developed. 

Conclusions 

This preliminary work provides a first step towards including the impact of plastic-associated chemicals in LCA. Although the toxicity of different additives to aquatic biota may vary significantly, it is recommended to consider additives within the impact assessment of marine plastic. The generic EF can be used, together with a future EF for adsorbed environmental pollutants, to fill a gap in the characterization of plastic-related impacts in LCA.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{deBortoli2022,

title = {Towards Road Sustainability—Part II: Applied Holistic Assessment and Lessons Learned from French Highway Resurfacing Strategies},

author = {Anne de Bortoli and Adélaïde Féraille and Fabien Leurent},

doi = {10.3390/su14127336},

issn = {2071-1050},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability},

volume = {14},

issue = {12},

pages = {7336},

abstract = {Roads are major transportation infrastructure whose sustainability of maintenance practices has never been holistically assessed due to a lack of a proper method. This paper applies a newly developed assessment method (see article part I) on a 10-km-long section of French highway to fully compare the performance of various types of pavement resurfacing policies, for all the maintenance stakeholders, and considering pavement–vehicle interaction (PVI). After presenting the highway section and the parametrization of the model, four alternative resurfacing frequencies are compared to the French standard maintenance scenario over the pavement lifespan. Results show that increasing resurfacing frequency generates gains in terms of domestic production and employment, environmental damage (health, biodiversity, resources), user budgets, and local residents’ health damage created by traffic noise. Conversely, it entails financial losses for the road operator and government (tax revenues and net present value), as well as time losses for users. On the contrary, the consequences of a decrease in this frequency are the opposite. Excess fuel consumption due to PVI governs the scale of the environmental and financial gains or losses of highway maintenance policies. Optima in terms of health returns on investment and user savings appear to be around a 50% increase in maintenance funding: for each additional euro spent by the operator, there is a user gain of 3.5 euros and a human health gain of 710 euros. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the marginal gains are highly sensitive to the thickness of the resurfacing technique for macroeconomic indicators, global Net Present Value, and operator savings, while the gains are proportional to the traffic and International Roughness Indicator deterioration speed for tax revenue, users’ savings, time savings, noise, and environmental metrics. The other indicators are either slightly or not sensitive to these parameters. To conclude, the entire road maintenance system must be redesigned, from the tax system and funding schemes to the prioritization of road “green practices”, to align all the stakeholders’ interests towards a globally more sustainable road system.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hung2022,

title = {ECOPT2: An adaptable life cycle assessment model for the environmentally constrained optimization of prospective technology transitions},

author = {Christine Roxanne Hung and Paul Kishimoto and Volker Krey and Anders Hammer Strømman and Guillaume Majeau-Bettez},

doi = {10.1111/jiec.13331},

issn = {1088-1980},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {26},

issue = {5},

pages = {1616-1630},

abstract = {Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method to evaluate the environmental impacts of technologies from cradle to grave. However, LCAs are commonly defined in terms of the consumption of a single unit of a product and thus ignore scaling issues in large-scale deployment of technologies. Such product-level LCAs often do not consider capital manufacturing capacity and supply chain bottlenecks that may hinder the rapid, widespread uptake of emerging technologies entering the market; emerging technologies often require the expansion of existing supply chains or the development of entirely new supply chains, such as the manufacturing of novel materials. As a result, such LCA studies are limited in their ability to realistically assess impacts at the macro-scale and thus to guide large-scale decisions. In this work, we present ECOPT2, a generalized adaptable model that combines these constraints to the LCA approach using a mathematical programming approach and dynamic stock modeling. ECOPT2 combines LCA factors with transition scenarios from energy systems models to determine the environmentally optimal deployment of new technologies while accounting for material circularity constraints and barriers to uptake. We also introduce the structure of the software tool and demonstrate its features using a stylized vehicle electrification scenario.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Carrires2022,

title = {Measuring the Value of Blockchain Traceability in Supporting LCA for Textile Products},

author = {Vincent Carrières and Andrée-Anne Lemieux and Manuele Margni and Robert Pellerin and Sylvain Cariou},

doi = {10.3390/su14042109},

issn = {2071-1050},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability},

volume = {14},

issue = {4},

pages = {2109},

abstract = {The efficiency of sustainability assessments of textile products is generally prevented because of a lack of available and reliable data across complex and globalized supply chains. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how blockchain traceability data can improve the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of textile products and to measure the actual value of exploiting this specific traceability data. To do so, a case study consisting of two LCAs modeling the production of wool top lots in China was conducted. A first LCA was conducted with generic data and the second with the added value of specific blockchain traceability data. Based on the second LCA, different wool top lot composition scenarios were then modeled to account for the environmental impact of different farming practices. Two main results were obtained: the environmental impact of wool top lots can vary up to +118% between two batches depending on their composition, and the specific data changes drastically from the impact calculated with generic data, with +36% calculated impact for the same wool composition of batches. Therefore, it was concluded that blockchain traceability data could be a strong asset for conducting LCA at the batch level by providing differentiated data on batch composition and origin and providing readily available specific data for a more representative assessment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Trottier2022,

title = {The impacts of hydropower on freshwater macroinvertebrate richness: A global meta-analysis},

author = {Gabrielle Trottier and Katrine Turgeon and Daniel Boisclair and Cécile Bulle and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0273089},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PLOS ONE},

volume = {17},

issue = {8},

pages = {e0273089},

abstract = {Hydroelectric dams and their reservoirs have been suggested to affect freshwater biodiversity. Nevertheless, studies investigating the consequences of hydroelectric dams and reservoirs on macroinvertebrate richness have reached opposite conclusions. We performed a meta-analysis devised to elucidate the effects of hydropower, dams and reservoirs on macroinvertebrate richness while accounting for the potential role played by moderators such as biomes, impact types, study designs, sampling seasons and gears. We used a random/mixed-effects model, combined with robust variance estimation, to conduct the meta-analysis on 107 pairs of observations ( <italic>i</italic> . <italic>e</italic> ., impacted versus reference) extracted from 24 studies (more than one observation per study). Hydropower, dams and reservoirs did significantly impact (P = 0.04) macroinvertebrate richness in a clear, directional and statistically significant way, where macroinvertebrate richness in hydropower, dams and reservoirs impacted environments were significantly lower than in unimpacted environments. We also observed a large range of effect sizes, from very negative to very positive impacts of hydropower. We tried to account for the large variability in effect sizes using moderators, but none of the moderators included in the meta-analysis had statistically significant effects. This suggests that some other moderators (unavailable for the 24 studies) might be important ( <italic>e</italic> . <italic>g</italic> ., temperature, granulometry, wave disturbance and macrophytes) and that macroinvertebrate richness may be driven by local, smaller scale processes. As new studies become available, it would be interesting to keep enriching this meta-analysis, as well as collecting local habitat variables, to see if we could statistically strengthen and deepen the conclusions of this meta-analysis.},

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tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pfister2022,

title = {Letter to the editor re: “The scarcity-weighted water footprint provides unreliable water sustainability scoring” by Vanham and Mekonnen, 2021},

author = {Stephan Pfister and Laura Scherer and Anne-Marie Boulay and Masaharu Motoshita and Montserrat Núñez and Mattia Damiani and Alessandro Manzardo and Jing Huang and Andreas Link and Jonas Bunsen and Markus Berger},

doi = {10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.154108},

issn = {0048-9697},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

volume = {825},

pages = {154108},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bolay2022,

title = {Prospective sectoral GHG benchmarks based on corporate climate mitigation targets},

author = {Anne-France Bolay and Anders Bjørn and Olaf Weber and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134220},

issn = {09596526},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {376},

pages = {134220},

abstract = {As climate change becomes firmly acknowledged as a financial risk, shareholders must consider corporate GHG performance to inform responsible investment decisions. To mitigate future climate risks, prospective benchmarks based on corporate climate mitigation targets are increasingly demanded by shareholders. However, existing benchmarks often lack sufficient sectoral coverage or fail to appropriately harmonize target metrics, scope, and corresponding timeframes. A harmonization process was developed which allows the calculation of sector-level prospective GHG benchmarks in terms of absolute or intensity GHG metrics. This process was applied to harmonize scope 1 and 2 emission targets of 1697 companies reporting in 2018 CDP questionnaires across 13 sectors using 2017 as the common reference year. Results indicate the importance of using a sectoral approach and applying a common reference year to avoid considering reductions occurring before the target was launched due to company choice of target reference year. In 2030, the lowest and highest median reduction rates values are −9% and −36% for fossil fuels and power generation sectors respectively. The findings obtained strongly suggest targeted percentage of reductions should not be the only metric considered when comparing corporate climate mitigation targets amongst peers. Target progress when the target was announced and at a common reference year was found to be an important metric to assess potential greenwashing or poor ambition. In 14% of cases, targets were already achieved when company launched them.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pedneault2022b,

title = {Sector‐specific scenarios for future stocks and flows of aluminum: An analysis based on shared socioeconomic pathways},

author = { Julien Pedneault and Guillaume Majeau-Bettez and Stefan Pauliuk and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1111/jiec.13321},

issn = {1088-1980},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {26},

issue = {5},

pages = {1728-1746},

abstract = {Aluminum is an energy-intensive material that is typically used as an alloy. The environmental impacts caused by its production can potentially be spread out over multiple uses through repeated recycling loops. However, inter-alloy contamination can limit the circularity of aluminum, which highlights the importance of analyzing prospective stock dynamics of aluminum at an alloy and alloying element level to inform a more sustainable management of this resource. A dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) of aluminum alloys was developed in line with the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) framework to generate consistent scenarios of the evolution of aluminum stocks and flows from 2015 to 2100 covering 11 economic sectors in 5 world regions. A sector-specific and bottom-up modeling approach was developed. Results show no saturation of global stock per capita before 2100, reaching a range between 200 and 400 kg per capita according to different socioeconomic scenarios. For the business-as-usual scenario, the global annual inflow rises to 100 Mt in 2050 and peaks at 130 Mt in 2090, showing a saturation in total stock. Electricity-sector demand has the highest relative growth over the century, while building and construction demand saturates and decreases from 2090. No major mismatch between inflows and outflows of aluminum alloy is observed. This means that with appropriate dismantling and sorting, changes in alloy demand would not limit the implementation of a closed-loop aluminum industry. This study demonstrates the advantages of combining detailed MFAs and SSPs, both for greater consistency in circular economy modeling and for furthering scenario development efforts. This article met the requirements for a gold-gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Baabou2022,

title = {Absolute Environmental Sustainability of Materials Dissipation: Application for Construction Sector},

author = {Wafaa Baabou and Anders Bjørn and Cécile Bulle},

doi = {10.3390/resources11080076},

issn = {2079-9276},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Resources},

volume = {11},

issue = {8},

pages = {76},

abstract = {The materials used globally in the construction sector are projected to more than double in 2060, causing some to deplete. We argue that access to the services that the resources provide must be protected, thus implying that a carrying capacity (CC) for resource dissipation must be set. Dissipation accrues when the resource becomes inaccessible to users. The CC allows defining a maximum dissipation rate that allows to maintain those resources’ availability in the future. The CC of the dissipation of the resource may be operationalized to characterize the resource use impact, using absolute environmental sustainability assessments principles. The study makes it possible to determine a dissipation CC as the world dissipation rate that would enable all users to adapt to using an alternative resource before the material’s reserve is entirely dissipated. The allocation of a fraction of this CC to the building sector was performed using equal per capita and grandfathering sharing principles. Finally, we applied the method to the case of steel in a school life cycle. The results show that the actual dissipation rates of iron, copper and manganese in the building sector exceed the dissipation CC by 70%, 56% and 68%, respectively. However, aluminum dissipation is 90% less than the assigned CC. The allocation to schools shows that the results are influenced by the choice of allocation principle. The application in the case of steel use of the school life cycle shows an exceedance of the CC that decreases when increasing the building life span.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{deBortoli2022b,

title = {Towards Road Sustainability—Part I: Principles and Holistic Assessment Method for Pavement Maintenance Policies},

author = {Anne de Bortoli and Adélaïde Féraille and Fabien Leurent},

doi = {10.3390/su14031513},

issn = {2071-1050},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability},

volume = {14},

issue = {3},

pages = {1513},

abstract = {Assessing the holistic sustainability of public policies remains a challenge rarely taken up due to a lack of adequate assessing methods. Frequently, only environmental and/or financial aspects are addressed, rather than the three pillars, including macro- and micro-economic as well as social performance. This paper presents an assessment method to fully compare the performance of pavement resurfacing policies for all its stakeholders and considering pavement–vehicle interactions. First, an analytical and then systemic approach to road maintenance highlights all its stakeholders, and a complete set of sustainability indicators is proposed to quantify the various impacts of maintenance programs: tax revenues, road operator’s and users’ savings, domestic production and employment, net present value, users’ time savings and noise reduction health benefits, as well as protection of natural resources, biodiversity and human health. Second, specific physical models of road condition (International Roughness Index) and its role in pavement–vehicle interaction in terms of vehicle consumption and wear as well as traffic noise are introduced. Then, equations to calculate these indicators are presented based on a comparison of existing assessment methods. The final transdisciplinary method pulls from road engineering, industrial ecology, acoustics and economics. It especially combines environmental and economic life cycle assessments and economic input–output analysis, as well as financial and socioeconomic appraisals. Finally, this article takes up the interdisciplinary challenge of building a fully holistic assessment method to help decision makers properly address sustainability, and its general algorithm can be adapted to assess a variety of transportation policies.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bjrn2022,

title = {Renewable energy certificates threaten the integrity of corporate science-based targets},

author = {Anders Bjørn and Shannon M. Lloyd and Matthew Brander and H. Damon Matthews},

doi = {10.1038/s41558-022-01379-5},

issn = {1758-678X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Climate Change},

volume = {12},

issue = {6},

pages = {539-546},

abstract = {Current greenhouse gas accounting standards allow companies to use renewable energy certificates (RECs) to report reductions in emissions from purchased electricity (scope 2) as progress towards meeting their science-based targets. However, previous analyses suggest that corporate REC purchases are unlikely to lead to additional renewable energy production. Here we show that the widespread use of RECs by companies with science-based targets has led to an inflated estimate of the effectiveness of mitigation efforts. When removing the emission reductions claimed through RECs, companies’ combined 2015–2019 scope 2 emission trajectories are no longer aligned with the 1.5 °C goal, and only barely with the well below 2 °C goal of the Paris Agreement. If this trend continues, 42% of committed scope 2 emission reductions will not result in real-world mitigation. Our findings suggest a need to revise accounting guidelines to require companies to report only real emission reductions as progress towards meeting their science-based targets.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Debarre2022b,

title = {Freshwater consumption and domestic water deprivation in LCIA: revisiting the characterization of human health impacts},

author = { Laura Debarre and Anne-Marie Boulay and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-022-02054-9},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {27},

issue = {5},

pages = {740-754},

abstract = {Purpose 

An insufficient amount of available domestic water can lead to an increase in the occurrence of water-related diseases. No LCIA consensus has been reached on how to model the potential impacts on human health resulting from water use implying domestic water deprivation. Building on Boulay et al. (2011), this research work provides an updated and revisited characterization model and factors assessing the potential impact on human health induced along this impact pathway. 

Method 

This work consolidates the cause-effect chain linking water use to domestic impacts on human health. The revised fate factor aligns current water use assessment methods and includes information not only on the physical water scarcity but also on the level of population access to water in a region. Building on Boulay et al. (2011), the global effect factor is revised. The data source is updated, and a novel approach is developed estimating the domestic water deficit. Country-scale exposure factors are updated, building on Boulay et al. (2011)’s proposal to rely on the gross national income per capita as a proxy for a country’s capacity to adapt to water shortages. 

Results and discussion 

Compared to Boulay et al. (2011), the revised fate and exposure factors show lower values as a result of different methodological choices and of the overall increase of GNI per capita, respectively. The revised value of the effect factor is equal to 3.13E-3DALY/m3 which compares to the value of 3.11E-3 in Boulay et al. (2011). Revised characterization factors (CF) range from 0 DALY/m3 (the potential impact on human health due to water use is null with respect to domestic water deprivation) to 3.13E-3 DALY/m3. The distribution of the new CFs shows an order of magnitude decrease compared to the previous model. These CFs assess the consequences on human health induced by water use leading to short-term water deprivation. 

Conclusion and recommendations 

This research work helps to better account for the impacts of water use at the endpoint level. However, it underlines significant limitations in the current calculation of the effect factor, in particular regarding current quantification of domestic water deprivation. These shortcomings prevent the model from considering a difference in vulnerability to health damages from the deprivation of 1 m3 of domestic water. This research work argues for additional research efforts aimed at developing an alternative calculation method for this factor.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bjrn2022c,

title = {Can Science-Based Targets Make the Private Sector Paris-Aligned? A Review of the Emerging Evidence},

author = { Anders Bjørn and Joachim Peter Tilsted and Amr Addas and Shannon M. Lloyd},

doi = {10.1007/s40641-022-00182-w},

issn = {2198-6061},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Current Climate Change Reports},

volume = {8},

issue = {2},

pages = {53-69},

abstract = {Purpose of Review Companies increasingly set science-based targets (SBTs) for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We review literature on SBTs to understand their potential for aligning corporate emissions with the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. Recent Findings SBT adoption by larger, more visible companies in high-income countries has accelerated. These companies tend to have a good prior reputation for managing climate impacts and most appear on track for meeting their scope 1 and 2 SBTs. More research is needed to distinguish between substantive and symbolic target-setting and understand how companies plan to achieve established SBTs. There is no consensus on whether current target-setting methods appropriately allocate emissions to individual companies or how much freedom companies should have in setting SBTs. Current emission accounting practices, target-setting methods, SBT governance, and insufficient transparency may allow companies to report some emission reductions that are not real and may result in insufficient collective emission reductions. Lower rates of SBT diffusion in low- and middle-income countries, in certain emission-intensive sectors, and by small- and medium-sized enterprises pose potential barriers for mainstreaming SBTs. While voluntary SBTs cannot substitute for more ambitious climate policy, it is unclear whether they delay or encourage policy needed for Paris alignment. Summary We find evidence that SBT adoption corresponds to increased climate action. However, there is a need for further research from a diversity of approaches to better understand how SBTs may facilitate or hinder a just transition to low-carbon societies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kaddoura2022,

title = {Investigating the role of surface engineering in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions of energy technologies: An outlook towards 2100},

author = {Mohamad Kaddoura and Guillaume Majeau-Bettez and Ben Amor and Christian Moreau and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00425},

issn = {22149937},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sustainable Materials and Technologies},

volume = {32},

pages = {e00425},

abstract = {Energy improvements in the energy sector constitute a key strategy to mitigate climate change. These expected improvements increasingly depend on the development of materials with improved surface characteristics. To prospectively assess the large-scale benefits and trade-offs of such novel surface engineering (SE) technology deployments in the energy sector, an integrated modelling framework is proposed. This paper links an integrated assessment model (IAM) forecasting socio-economic changes in energy supply with life cycle assessment (LCA) models of targeted technology candidates. Different shared socio-economic pathway narratives are used with the MESSAGE IAM to forecast future energy supply scenarios. A dynamic vintage model is employed to model plants decommissioning and adoption rates of innovative SE. Potential benefits and impacts of SE are assessed through prospective LCA. The approach is used to estimate the prospective GHG emission reduction potential achieved by large-scale adoption of innovative SE technologies to improve the efficiency of four energy conversion technologies (coal power plants, gas turbines, wind turbines and solar panels) until 2100. Applying innovative SE technologies to the energy sector has the potential of reducing annual CO2-eq emissions by 1.8 Gt in 2050 and 3.4 Gt in 2100 in an optimistic socio-economic pathway scenario. This corresponds to 7% and 8.5% annual reduction in the energy sector in 2050 and 2100, respectively. The mitigation potential of applying innovative SE technologies highly depends on the energy technology, the socio-economic pathways, and the implementation of stringent GHG mitigation policies. Due to their high carbon intensity, fossil-based technologies showed a higher GHG mitigation potential compared to renewables. Besides, GHG emissions related to the SE processes are largely offset by the GHG savings of the energy conversion technologies where the innovative SE technologies are applied.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Corella-Puertas2022d,

title = {Development of simplified characterization factors for the assessment of expanded polystyrene and tire wear microplastic emissions applied in a food container life cycle assessment},

author = { Elena Corella-Puertas and Pauline Guieu and Alessio Aufoujal and Cécile Bulle and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1111/jiec.13269},

issn = {1088-1980},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {26},

issue = {6},

pages = {1882-1894},

abstract = {To date, life cycle assessment (LCA) does not include a methodology for assessing the impacts of plastic litter leaked to the environment. This limits the applicability of LCA as a tool to compare the potential impacts of single-use plastics and their alternatives on ecosystem quality and human health. As a contribution to tackle this issue, this work proposes simplified fate and characterization factors (CFs) for modeling the impacts of two types of microplastics—expanded polystyrene and tire and road wear particles—in the marine environment. In terms of fate mechanisms, this work explores different sedimentation, degradation, and fragmentation rate scenarios, based on literature values and expert estimates. Whereas the fate of expanded polystyrene is sensitive to the different fragmentation, degradation, and sedimentation scenarios, for tire and road wear particles the fate is primarily sensitive to sedimentation. The fate factors are integrated into CFs using an existing exposure and effect factor for microplastics in aquatic environments. Since the CFs of the two studied microplastics show important differences, these results reveal the need for developing polymer-specific CFs. Finally, the CFs are tested in a case study of on-the-go food containers (one single-use plastic, two compostable alternatives, and one reusable plate). Depending on the fate scenario, plastic litter impacts range from barely noticeable to more than doubling the total potential damage to ecosystem quality, compared to no plastic litter impact assessment. The high uncertainty of the results encourages further research on modeling microplastic fate and impacts in detail.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bjrn2022d,

title = {Reply to Comment on ‘From the Paris Agreement to corporate climate commitments: evaluation of seven methods for setting “science-based” emission targets’},

author = { Anders Bjørn and Shannon M. Lloyd and H. Damon Matthews},

doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac548e},

issn = {1748-9326},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Letters},

volume = {17},

issue = {3},

pages = {038001},

abstract = {The Science Based Targets initiative has published a Comment to our study (Bjørn et al 2021 Environ. Res. Lett. 16 054019). We see the Comment as an important step towards addressing our study's call for more systematic presentation of methods for setting science-based targets and increased transparency behind the initiative's method recommendations. We also agree with some of the Comment's points of criticism of our study and the related nuances introduced. Yet, we find other points to be inaccurate or misdirected. Here, we reply to the Comment by clarifying misunderstandings on our study's aims, providing additional methodological details, and elaborating on our perspectives.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Agez2022,

title = {Correcting remaining truncations in hybrid life cycle assessment database compilation},

author = {Maxime Agez and Elliot Muller and Laure Patouillard and Carl-Johan Södersten and Anders Arvesen and Manuele Margni and Réjean Samson and Guillaume Majeau-Bettez},

doi = {10.1111/JIEC.13132},

issn = {15309290},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {26},

issue = {1},

pages = {121-133},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Hybrid life cycle assessment (HLCA) strives to combine process-based life cycle assessment (PLCA) and environmentally extended input–output (EEIO) analysis to bridge gaps of both methodologies. The recent development of HLCA databases constitutes a major step forward in achieving complete system coverage. Nevertheless, current applications of HLCA still suffer from issues related to incompleteness of the inventory and data gaps: (1) hybridization without endogenizing the capital inputs of the EEIO database leads to underestimations, (2) the unreliability of price data hinders the application of streamlined HLCA for processes in some sectors, and (3) the sparse coverage of pollutants in multiregional EEIO databases limits the application of HLCA to a handful of impact categories. This paper aims at offering a methodology for tackling these issues in a streamlined manner and visualizing their effects on impact scores across an entire PLCA database and multiple impact categories. Data reconciliation algorithms are demonstrated on the PLCA database ecoinvent3.5 and the multiregional EEIO database EXIOBASE3. Instead of performing hybridization solely with annual product requirements, this hybridization approach incorporates endogenized capital requirements, demonstrates a novel hybridization methodology to bypass issues of price unavailability, estimates new pollutants to EXIOBASE3 environmental extensions, and thus yields improved inventories characterized in terms of 13 impact categories from the IMPACT World+ methodology. The effect of hybridization on the impact score of each process of ecoinvent3.5 varied from a few percentages to three-fold increases, depending on the impact category and the process studied, displaying in which cases hybridization should be prioritized. This article met the requirements for a Gold—Gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bjrn2022e,

title = {Renewable energy certificates allow companies to overstate their emission reductions},

author = {Anders Bjørn and Shannon M. Lloyd and Matthew Brander and H. Damon Matthews},

doi = {10.1038/s41558-022-01385-7},

issn = {1758-678X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Climate Change},

volume = {12},

issue = {6},

pages = {508-509},

abstract = {Many companies purchase renewable energy certificates to report reduced emissions, but this may not lead to actual emission reductions. We need emission accounting that is both accurate and that incentivizes companies to make impactful contributions to decarbonizing electricity grids.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Majeau-Bettez2022,

title = {Data innovation in industrial ecology},

author = {Guillaume Majeau-Bettez and Jean Marc Frayret and Anu Ramaswami and Yang Li and Niko Heeren},

doi = {10.1111/JIEC.13256},

issn = {15309290},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {26},

issue = {1},

pages = {6-11},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Song2022,

title = {Blockchain Adoption in Agricultural Supply Chain for Better Sustainability: A Game Theory Perspective},

author = {Luona Song and Yiqing Luo and Zixi Chang and Chunhua Jin and Merveille Nicolas},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1470/htm https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1470},

doi = {10.3390/SU14031470},

issn = {2071-1050},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability 2022, Vol. 14, Page 1470},

volume = {14},

issue = {3},

pages = {1470},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {Within the context of the rise of the Internet of Things, blockchain, and other new technologies, telecommunications operators are committed to applying technologies to promote business transformation and upgrading. The government also actively applies technologies to traditional fields to promote social progress. In agriculture, the agricultural supply chain has a low information level and low degree of digitization. The application of blockchain technology in agriculture offers exceptional advantages because of its decentralization, openness, and transparency. Based on the application of blockchain in an agricultural scenario, an evolutionary game model made up of governments, telecom operators, and agricultural enterprises was established to analyze the model’s equilibrium stability and evolutionary stable strategy. Then, numerical simulation was carried out to study the influence of the initial green level, equipment deployment cost, technology operation cost, and other core factors on the tripartite evolution behaviour. The results show that each factor influences the behaviour of a third party in different ways. Finally, according to the simulation results, this paper puts forward practical suggestions, explores the long-term impact of the application cost and sustainable income of blockchain technology on cooperation, and provides new ideas for the governance of China’s traditional fields from the perspective of new technology application.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Malli2022,

title = {Transport mechanisms and fate of microplastics in estuarine compartments: A review},

author = {Ali Malli and Elena Corella-Puertas and Carla Hajjar and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113553},

issn = {18793363},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},

volume = {177},

pages = {113553},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Despite the importance of estuaries as transition zones between freshwater and marine compartments, their role in the transport of microplastics is still unclear. This review analyzes the findings pertaining to the transport mechanisms and other factors that influence the fate of microplastics in estuaries. It was found that the concentration of microplastics temporally varies under daily tides, monthly tides, and seasonal flows. Moreover, it spatially varies due to density effects, biofouling, aggregation, and salinity. Wind direction and intensity impact the spatiotemporal distribution of microplastics in the water column. Some of these processes transport microplastics to the estuarine sediments. Thereafter, microplastics are prone to resuspension by turbulence and bioturbation. Hence, estuaries act as temporary sinks that retain microplastics before being flushed to the ocean. Finally, a review of highly plastic-emitting rivers shows differences in the factors affecting the transport mechanisms of microplastics, which calls for regionalization when modelling their fate henceforward.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Houssard2022,

title = {Measuring shared value creation with eco-efficiency: Development of a multidimensional value framework for the dairy industry},

author = {Catherine Houssard and Jean-Pierre Revéret and Dominique Maxime and Yves Pouliot and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.133840},

issn = {0959-6526},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {374},

pages = {133840},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The concept of creating shared value was first advanced by Harvard Business School and adopted by companies to develop sustainability strategies to maximize their positive impacts on society. Eco-efficiency is a sustainability concept and a prevalent operational decision support tool that assesses the environmental performance of a system as a function of its value. This paper proposes a novel multidimensional value eco-efficiency framework based on a life cycle perspective that broadens the value dimension assessment in keeping with the concept of creating shared value. The framework is tested and implemented in a case study in the Canadian dairy industry. It uses a systemic approach to compare the eco-efficiency performance of 11 multifunctional Greek yogurt systems delivering various co-products with different functions and economic values across the value chain. It makes it possible to identify the trade-offs between the environment and various value dimensions (economic or functional) based on stakeholders' interests. The results show that the scenarios that create the most economic value for the Greek yogurt processors do not perform as well for the other stakeholders along the value chain or in terms of overall environmental performance. By developing a multi-criteria value assessment, this enhanced eco-efficiency framework brings consistency in covering the same scope of analysis between value creation and environmental impacts. More specifically it breaks with the industry's prevailing value creation philosophy and value measurement in eco-efficiency analysis, which is usually based on cost-effectiveness and profit maximization for one stakeholder at the expense of the others in the value chain. Ultimately, it contributes to align companies' efforts in improving their eco-efficiency with sustainability goals and minimize the risk of burden shifting.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pedneault2021b,

title = {What future for primary aluminium production in a decarbonizing economy?},

author = {Julien Pedneault and Guillaume Majeau-Bettez and Volker Krey and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102316},

issn = {09593780},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Global Environmental Change},

volume = {69},

pages = {102316},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2021bb,

title = {Quantifying uncertainty for AWARE characterization factors},

author = {Anne-Marie Boulay and Pascal Lesage and Ben Amor and Stephan Pfister},

doi = {10.1111/jiec.13173},

issn = {1088-1980},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {25},

issue = {6},

pages = {1588-1601},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pedneault2021,

title = {Economic and environmental life cycle assessment of a short-span aluminium composite bridge deck in Canada},

author = {Julien Pedneault and Victor Desjardins and Manuele Margni and David Conciatori and Mario Fafard and Luca Sorelli},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652621016243},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127405},

issn = {09596526},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {310},

pages = {127405},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lavoie2021,

title = {Aquatic micro‐ and nano‐plastics in life cycle assessment: Development of an effect factor for the quantification of their physical impact on biota},

author = {Jérôme Lavoie and Anne-Marie Boulay and Cécile Bulle},

doi = {10.1111/jiec.13140},

issn = {1088-1980},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {26},

issue = {6},

pages = {2123-2135},

abstract = {Plastic litter of all sizes has been acknowledged as a serious threat to biodiversity, especially in the marine environment. The fact that life cycle assessment (LCA) does not properly consider these issues is a serious problem for the aspirations of LCA in the public sphere. This paper focuses on micro- and nano-sized plastics (MNPs), which have the potential to cause a substantial impact on ecosystem quality because of their increased presence in the marine compartment and capacity to affect a greater range of species. The data regarding MNPs’ effect on different aquatic species were extracted from the academic literature. These data were then explored and analyzed to bring to light the possibilities in terms of effect factor (EF) developments and the existing relations between effect on aquatic ecosystems and different parameters such as particle size, polymer type, and shape. No significant difference could be observed between the effect of the different subgroups of MNPs tested when considering a single species. However, when including many species in the analysis, differences could be noted between polystyrene (PS) and other polymer types. The high uncertainty on the developed EFs combined with this lack of statistical difference among subgroups at the single species level suggest that the use of a single generic EF could be appropriate for now. This EF is provided along with Species Sensitivity Distributions developed to allow for a quick visualization of the gathered data used to generate the EFs. This EF can now be used to quantify the physical impact of all MNPs in life cycle impact assessment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2021b,

title = {Marine plastics in LCA: current status and MarILCA’s contributions},

author = { Anne-Marie Boulay and Francesca Verones and Ian Vázquez-Rowe},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-021-01975-1},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {26},

issue = {11},

pages = {2105-2108},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Binet2021,

title = {Assessing the Mitigation Potential of Environmental Impacts From Circular Economy Strategies on an Industrial Sector and Its Value Chain: A Case Study on the Steel Value Chain in Quebec},

author = {Flavien Binet and François Saunier and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.3389/FRSUS.2021.738890},

issn = {2673-4524},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Sustainability},

volume = {2},

pages = {90},

publisher = {Frontiers},

abstract = {This research project aims to evaluate the potential reduction of environmental impacts from circular economy strategies on an industrial sector at a regional scale with a case study on GHG emissions in Quebec’s steel industry and its value chain. To do so, an integrated model has been created based on the matrix approach, building on material flow analysis (MFA) tracking flows and stocks and on life cycle assessment (LCA) to compute direct (from the activity, e.g. combustion process) and indirect (from supply chain, e.g. production of raw material inside or outside of region) emissions. This theoretical model is designed to be applied to any emissions or environmental impacts from a specific sector in a given region, and enable to model the effects of circularity strategies to both flows and related environmental impacts. The overall mitigation potential of individual or combined circular economy strategies on a specific sector could thus be evaluated across its entire value chain. In the case study, a set of the most promising circular strategies applicable in the Quebec context were identified and the GHG reduction potential within and outside the province is calculated and compared to actual emissions. Six circular strategies were analyzed acting at three different levers: GHG/material (increase iron recycling rate, switch to hydrogen-based reduction production), material/product (reduce weight of vehicle, limit overspecification in building construction), product/service (increase buildings and cars lifetime, increase car-sharing) and therefore impact rather direct or indirect emissions on different stages of the steel life cycle. Combining these six strategies into a consolidated scenario shows that a circular driven economy allows to cut down GHG emissions of the cradle-to-gate steel industry value chain by -55%, i.e., 1.67 Mt CO2e. Taking into account use phase of steel, overall reductions are estimated at -6.03 MtCO2e, i.e., -30% of the whole life cycle.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2021c,

title = {Building consensus on water use assessment of livestock production systems and supply chains: Outcome and recommendations from the FAO LEAP Partnership},

author = { Anne-Marie Boulay and Katrin Drastig and Amanullah and Ashok Chapagain and Veronica Charlon and Bárbara Civit and Camillo DeCamillis and Marlos De Souza and Tim Hess and Arjen Y. Hoekstra and Ridha Ibidhi and Michael J. Lathuillière and Alessandro Manzardo and Tim McAllister and Ricardo A. Morales and Masaharu Motoshita and Julio Cesar Pascale Palhares and Giacomo Pirlo and Brad Ridoutt and Valentina Russo and Gloria Salmoral and Ranvir Singh and Davy Vanham and Stephen Wiedemann and Weichao Zheng and Stephan Pfister},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {124},

pages = {107391},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pena2021,

title = {Using life cycle assessment to achieve a circular economy},

author = {Claudia Peña and Bárbara Civit and Alejandro Gallego-Schmid and Angela Druckman and Armando Caldeira- Pires and Bo Weidema and Eric Mieras and Feng Wang and James A. Fava and Llorenç Milà Canals and Mauro Cordella and Peter Arbuckle and Sonia Valdivia and Sophie Fallaha and Wladmir Motta},

url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11367-020-01856-z},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-020-01856-z},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Karimpour2021,

title = {Evaluation of sector-specific AWARE characterization factors for water scarcity footprint of electricity generation},

author = {Shooka Karimpour and Anne-Marie Boulay and Cécile Bulle},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720355923},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142063},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

volume = {753},

pages = {142063},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Song2021,

title = {Blockchain-Based Flexible Double-Chain Architecture and Performance Optimization for Better Sustainability in Agriculture},

author = {Luona Song and Xiaojuan Wang and Peng Wei and Zikui Lu and Xiaojun Wang and Nicolas Merveille},

url = {https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v68n1/41871},

doi = {10.32604/cmc.2021.016954},

issn = {1546-2226},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Computers, Materials & Continua},

volume = {680},

issue = {1},

abstract = {Blockchain is an emerging decentralized distributed technology that can cross the boundaries and guarantee safe and trustworthy value transfers between participants. Combining the blockchain technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enhance the transparency and sustainability of agricultural supply chains, has attracted researchers from both academia and industry. This paper reviews the latest applications of the blockchain and IoT technologies in the sustainable agricultural supply chain management and explores the design and implementation of a blockchain-based sustainable solution. By placing the sustainable agricultural supply chain management at its core, a blockchain-based framework is designed. Considering the heterogeneity of the transaction data and the IoT data, the openness of sustainability information and the sensitivity of participants’ data, a double-chain structure is proposed including the consensus method, the transaction mechanisms, the sustainability assessment method and the performance optimization strategy. The sustainable management practices of all participants are introduced into the blockchain network, especially those allowing the government to play a more significant role in agriculture supply management. Meanwhile, to meet the scenario requirements, a data reduction method is designed to improve performance and reduce block size. Simulations are performed to evaluate the latency, throughput, costs and efficiency of the proposed structure. This paper can be a useful reference for further research on the application of blockchain and IoT technologies in sustainable agricultural management.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ISI:000609032200018,

title = {Allocation is not enough! A system boundaries expansion approach to account for production and consumption synergies: The environmental footprint of Greek yogurt},

author = {Catherine Houssard and Dominique Maxime and Yves Pouliot and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124607},

issn = {0959-6526},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {283},

publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD},

abstract = {The optimal use of food components in human nutrition is key to reduce the environmental burdens of the global food system. In this life cycle assessment (LCA) case study based on Greek yogurt (GY) production systems, we explore how a system boundary expansion approach (SBES), instead of an allocation approach, can help to optimize the use of the milk components in the dairy industry for the province of Quebec, Canada. GY is a high-protein-low-fat dairy product considered as a healthy high-value product for human nutrition. Its production requires large volumes of milk and generates a high-value co-product (cream) and a by-product (whey). This comprehensive LCA study compares three production technologies (centrifugation (CE), ultrafiltration (UF) and fortification (FO)) and different whey management alternatives (animal feed, biogas and fertilizer production, waste treatment). Results show that, under current Canadian market conditions in which milk production is driven by the demand for cream and surplus non-fat-solids are downcycled on the animal feed market, the CE and UF technologies, which require more raw milk than FO and produce more cream, enable better synergies in the use of milk components and improve the environmental performance of GY as compared to FO. Both CE and UF make it possible to use the excess of Canadian milk proteins in human nutrition, in compliance with circular economy principles. In this respect, neither the quantity of whey generated, nor the whey management pathway significantly influence the GY environmental footprint. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Padilla-Rivera2021,

title = {Social circular economy indicators: Selection through fuzzy delphi method},

author = {Alejandro Padilla-Rivera and Breno Barros Telles Carmo and Gabriella Arcese and Nicolas Merveille},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352550920305698},

doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2020.09.015},

issn = {23525509},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption},

volume = {26},

pages = {101-110},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}