Anne-Marie Boulay

@article{Surmont2025,

title = {Assessing the sustainability and safety of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) liners for lead service lines (LSL) upgrades},

author = {Amélie Surmont and Laura Rowenczyk and Ivan Viveros Santos and Fatemeh Hatam and Anne-Marie Boulay and Michèle Prévost},

doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122686},

issn = {00431354},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Water Research},

volume = {268},

pages = {122686},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hajjar2025,

title = {Identifying influencing physical and environmental parameters on fate and characterization factors for microplastic emissions in the marine environment},

author = {Carla Hajjar and Cécile Bulle and Maxime Agez and Elena Corella-Puertas and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-024-02421-8},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Saadi2025,

title = {Including impacts of microplastics in marine water and sediments in life cycle assessment},

author = {Nadim Saadi and Jérôme Lavoie and Peter Fantke and Paula Redondo-Hasselerharm and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146037},

issn = {09596526},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {520},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) pose a threat to marine ecosystems. When released, MPs first reach the water column, where they can be ingested by pelagic species. MPs can then reach marine sediments, a potential sink, where they may affect sediment-dwelling species. However, current life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods do not consider the impact of MPs in sediments, providing an incomplete picture when comparing environmental profiles of products and services. This work builds on the MarILCA working group characterization factors (CFs) by computing updated physical effects on biota CFs that include both water and sediment compartments, as previous factors did not consider the latter. A simplified fate of MPs in the marine environment is modelled, combining fate in water and sediments and differentiating between MP polymers, sizes, and shapes. A combined exposure and effect factor for MPs in sediments (EEFsed) is developed, calculated from a hazardous concentration for 20 % of species (HC20), derived from a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) of effect concentrations of 10 % (EC10) values. A methodology accounting for species feeding behaviour is proposed to derive ecosystem-level impacts via exposure through different compartments, expressed as the potentially affected fraction (PAF) of marine species. Combining the fate, EEFsed, and EEFw (water) yielded updated marine CFs including impacts on both water and sediment-dwelling biota. CFs were tested in a textile LCA case study. Sediments were found to be a sink for high-density MPs, with EEFsed (16 PAF m3/kg) significantly lower than the previously reported EEFw (1068 PAF m3/kg). Developed marine CFs range from 34 to 5.4 × 108 PAF m3 d/kg and are available for use in environmental decision-making.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ospital2025,

title = {Development of a parametrized and regionalized life cycle inventory model for tire and road wear particles},

author = {Louisa Ospital and Manuele Margni and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138986},

issn = {18733336},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},

volume = {495},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Tire and Road Wear Particles (TRWPs), composed of degraded tire rubber and road particles, are non-exhaust traffic emissions and a significant global source of microplastics. With concerns regarding environmental and health effects, accurate emission estimates are needed to better understand their occurrence and potential impacts. Existing methodologies for quantifying TRWP emissions and fail to account for key parameters related to vehicle operation, environmental, and driving conditions influencing emissions, while overlooking geographical variations. This research article introduces a novel, parametrized, and regionalized inventory model for quantifying TRWP emissions, providing context-specific estimates at vehicle and national scales. It aims to complement Life Cycle Inventory databases allowing a comprehensive Life Cycle Impact Assessment of TRWPs in future works. A vehicle-specific methodology, incorporating nine key parameters – road texture, carried load, driving behavior, speed, road wetness, paved or non-paved roads, temperature, humidity, and tire type (summer, friction, studded) – to estimate both large (10–500 µm) and fine (<10 µm) tire wear particle emissions. Results indicate that road texture, driving behavior and road wetness mainly influence large particle emissions while increasing temperature and carried load predominantly affect fine particle emissions. The driving environment significantly influences both emission types. Despite limited data accuracy and availability, the design of the model allows for continuous updates to refine its applicability across diverse contexts.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Magnaval2025,

title = {Development of an analytical model of automobile energy consumption during use-phase for parametrized life cycle assessment},

author = {Gabriel Magnaval and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2025.115716},

issn = {18790690},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},

volume = {217},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Models for automobile energy consumption calculations often lack adaptability, granularity, and consistency, limiting the transparency, reproducibility, and representativeness of automobile processes in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Although developing parametrized models appears to be promising, their application to automobile energy consumption is constrained by the complexity of powertrain modeling and the integration of driving conditions. This work presents a model for gasoline and electric vehicles based on parametrized equations, describing physical drivers of energy demand while uncoupling the role of contributors, including the vehicle body, powertrain, path, and driver. An innovative method for parametrizing driving conditions is introduced, eliminating reliance on traditional driving cycles. Complemented by pre-set configurations to enhance usability, the computational tool PETRAUL built on this framework enables practitioners to perform precise and representative energy consumption calculations for vehicles. This study further demonstrates the tool's utility for both foreground and background LCA processes. This includes scenario analyses emphasizing the necessity of multi-solution strategies, a comparison with ecoinvent and Carculator highlighting improved granularity, and an LCA case study on lightweighting, illustrating enhanced representativeness for assessments across diverse technological and regional conditions. This streamlined LCA of a polycarbonate glazing highlights the potential burden shifting from the vehicle use phase to the manufacturing of lightweight materials, notably when coupled with electrification. Ultimately, PETRAUL provides a robust foundation for advancing LCA practices by enhancing adaptability and transparency in parametrized modeling, while illustrating the need for both technological and sobriety measures to reduce environmental impacts of the automobile industry.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Seitfudem2025,

title = {The updated and improved method for water scarcity impact assessment in LCA, AWARE2.0},

author = {Georg Seitfudem and Markus Berger and Hannes Müller Schmied and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1111/jiec.70023},

issn = {15309290},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {29},

issue = {3},

pages = {891-907},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Supported by the Life Cycle Initiative, in 2018, the Water Use in Life Cycle Assessment (WULCA) working group published Available Water Remaining (AWARE), a consensus-based method for water scarcity impact assessment. This article presents AWARE2.0, an update based on new data and an improved calculation process and recommended by the authors of the original AWARE publication. Water availability for 1990–2019 and the global water consumption inventory of 2019 are modeled with the global hydrological model WaterGAP2.2e. AWARE2.0 refines the calculations for river deltas, inland sinks, and subdivided river basins and furthermore benefits from an improved representation of basin area, increased responsiveness of environmental water requirements to seasonal flow patterns, and a more appropriate water consumption definition. This work analyses differences between AWARE and AWARE2.0 and the influence of the improvements on the characterization factors (CFs). The update is relevant to life cycle assessment, since more than half of the water consumption inventory is linked to CFs changing by more than 10%. Globally relevant changes mainly result from the new input data including the temporal reference period, whereas other improvements target individual types of basins, sometimes changing their CFs by two orders of magnitude. The AWARE2.0 CFs are provided for 9406 basins and the country definitions of ecoinvent and GLAM. This article met the requirements for a gold-gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pellengahr2025,

title = {Modeling marine microplastic emissions in Life Cycle Assessment: characterization factors for biodegradable polymers and their application in a textile case study},

author = {Felicitas Pellengahr and Elena Corella-Puertas and Valérie Mattelin and Nadim Saadi and Francesca Bertella and Anne-Marie Boulay and Yvonne Meer},

doi = {10.3389/ftox.2025.1494220},

issn = {26733080},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Toxicology},

volume = {7},

publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},

abstract = {Introduction: With the continuous increase of plastics production, it is imperative to carefully examine their environmental profile through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). However, current LCA modeling is not considering the potential impacts of plastic emissions on the biosphere. To integrate plastic emissions into LCA, characterization factors are needed that commonly consist of three elements: a fate factor, an exposure factor, and an effect factor. In this context, fate factors quantify the distribution and longevity of plastics in the environment. Research on these fate factors is still limited, especially for biodegradable polymers. Hence, the main objective of this research was to determine the fate factors of biodegradable polymers [poly (lactic acid), poly (butylene succinate), and poly (ε-caprolactam)] based on primary experimental data for the marine environment. Methods: The validity of former research is tested by comparing the degradation evolution of i. macro- and microplastic particles, ii. two different grades of the polymer, and iii. different temperature levels. The degradation data are obtained by monitoring the oxygen consumption over a period of six months in natural seawater. The determined degradation rates are combined with sedimentation, resuspension, and deep burial rates to obtain fate factors. These fate factors are used to develop polymer-specific characterization factors. The resulting characterization factors are tested in an LCA case study of a synthetic sports shirt made from biodegradable polymer fibers. It allows to assess the relative importance of microplastic impacts compared to other life cycle impacts. Results and discussion: Comparing the resulting specific surface degradation rates indicates that microplastic degradation rates could be overestimated when using macroplastic degradation data. Pertaining to the case study, the results show that the impact on ecosystem quality by microplastic emissions could account for up to 30% of the total endpoint category. Overall, this work aims to foster interdisciplinary collaboration to leverage the accuracy of LCA studies and thus provide guidance for novel material development.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Suh2024,

title = {Conceptual framework for identifying polymers of concern},

author = {Sangwon Suh and Anne-Marie Boulay and Peter Fantke and Dingsheng Li and Dilip Menon and Raoul Meys and Llorenç Milà Canals},

doi = {10.3389/frsus.2024.1399431},

issn = {2673-4524},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Sustainability},

volume = {5},

abstract = {<p>With the increasing global concern over plastics' environmental and human health impacts, the urgency for effective regulatory measures is evident. The UN Environment Assembly's initiative to establish an international, legally binding instrument via the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) on Plastic Pollution marks a significant step toward addressing this issue. However, the vast diversity of plastic types and their myriad applications present a complex challenge in pinpointing the most critical targets for regulation. This study builds on the existing body of literature to outline potential key criteria for identifying Polymers of Concern (PoC). We recommend a dual-focused definition of PoCs considering both (1) the type of the plastics and (2) their domain of applications based on the environmental and human health impacts throughout the polymer's life cycle. Recognizing the current gaps in our understanding of the full spectrum of plastics' impacts across their life cycles, we suggest adopting a precautionary approach that factors in the volume of plastics entering natural ecosystems alongside their life cycle impacts as reported in the literature. We then bring forward existing data on the assessment of some of the main polymer types and applications. We propose that policymakers examine a wide spectrum of strategies including not only bans and phaseouts but also economic incentives, innovation, and the redesign of plastic materials and products to mitigate the adverse impacts of PoCs. We further emphasize the importance of thoroughly assessing the feasibility, costs, and environmental, social and economic implications of alternative materials to avoid “regrettable substitution.” We conclude by identifying existing knowledge gaps and emphasizing the need for further research to refine the proposed criteria for identifying PoCs.</p>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Debarre2024,

title = {Assessing the potential human health impacts of freshwater consumption: considering inequalities in water availability to assess the consequences of domestic water deprivation},

author = {Laura Debarre and Masaharu Motoshita and Stephan Pfister and Anne-Marie Boulay and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-024-02395-7},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Askham2023,

title = {Generating environmental sampling and testing data for micro- and nanoplastics for use in life cycle impact assessment},

author = {Cecilia Askham and Valentina H. Pauna and Anne-Marie Boulay and Peter Fantke and Olivier Jolliet and Jérôme Lavoie and Andy M. Booth and Claire Coutris and Francesca Verones and Miriam Weber and Martina G. Vijver and Amy Lusher and Carla Hajjar},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160038},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

volume = {859},

pages = {160038},

abstract = {Ongoing efforts focus on quantifying plastic pollution and describing and estimating the related magnitude of exposure and impacts on human and environmental health. Data gathered during such work usually follows a receptor perspective. However, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) represents an emitter perspective. This study examines existing data gathering and reporting approaches for field and laboratory studies on micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) exposure and effects relevant to LCA data inputs. The outcomes indicate that receptor perspective approaches do not typically provide suitable or sufficiently harmonised data. Improved design is needed in the sampling, testing and recording of results using harmonised, validated and comparable methods, with more comprehensive reporting of relevant data. We propose a three-level set of requirements for data recording and reporting to increase the potential for LCA studies and models to utilise data gathered in receptor-oriented studies. We show for which purpose such data can be used as inputs to LCA, particularly in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods. Implementing these requirements will facilitate proper integration of the potential environmental impacts of plastic losses from human activity (e.g. litter) into LCA. Then, the impacts of plastic emissions can eventually be connected and compared with other environmental issues related to anthropogenic activities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ViverosSantos2023,

title = {Prospective life cycle assessment of viticulture under climate change scenarios, application on two case studies in France},

author = {Ivan Viveros Santos and Christel Renaud-Gentié and Philippe Roux and Annie Levasseur and Cécile Bulle and Louise Deschênes and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163288},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

volume = {880},

pages = {163288},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ViverosSantos2023b,

title = {Modelling the influence of climate change on characterization factors for copper terrestrial ecotoxicity},

author = { Ivan Viveros Santos and Annie Levasseur and Cécile Bulle and Louise Deschênes and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137601},

issn = {09596526},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {414},

pages = {137601},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hajjar2023,

title = {Life cycle impact assessment framework for assessing physical effects on biota of marine microplastics emissions},

author = {Carla Hajjar and Cécile Bulle and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-023-02212-7},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Corella-Puertas2023,

title = {MarILCA characterization factors for microplastic impacts in life cycle assessment: Physical effects on biota from emissions to aquatic environments},

author = {Elena Corella-Puertas and Carla Hajjar and Jérôme Lavoie and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138197},

issn = {09596526},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {418},

pages = {138197},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{LHaridon2023,

title = {SPOT: A Strategic Life-Cycle-Assessment-Based Methodology and Tool for Cosmetic Product Eco-Design},

author = {Jacques L’Haridon and Laure Patouillard and Julien Pedneault and Anne-Marie Boulay and François Witte and Marcial Vargas-Gonzalez and Philippe Bonningue and Isabelle Rollat and Thierry Blanchard and Gabriel Goncalves and Alice Hervio and Laurent Gilbert},

doi = {10.3390/su151914321},

issn = {2071-1050},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability},

volume = {15},

issue = {19},

pages = {14321},

abstract = {<p>The cosmetics industry is facing growing pressure to offer more sustainable products, which can be tackled by applying eco-design. This article aims to present the Sustainable Product Optimization Tool (SPOT) methodology developed by L’Oréal to eco-design its cosmetic products and the strategies adopted for its implementation while presenting the challenges encountered along the way. The SPOT methodology is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of a finished product and its subsystems (formula, packaging, manufacturing and distribution). Several environmental indicators are assessed, normalized and weighted based on the planetary boundaries concept, and then aggregated into a single footprint. A product sustainability index (a single rating, easy to interpret) is then obtained by merging the environmental product rating derived from the single environmental footprint with the social rating (not covered here). The use of the SPOT method is shown by two case studies. The implementation of SPOT, based on specific strategic and managerial measures (corporate and brand targets, Key Performance Indicators, and financial incentives) is discussed. These measures have enabled L’Oréal to have 97% of their products stated as eco-designed in 2022. SPOT shows how eco-design can be implemented on a large scale without compromising scientific robustness. Eco-design tools must strike the right balance between the complexity of the LCA and the ease of interpretation of the results, and have a robust implementation plan to ensure a successful eco-design strategy.</p>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pfister2022,

title = {Letter to the editor re: “The scarcity-weighted water footprint provides unreliable water sustainability scoring” by Vanham and Mekonnen, 2021},

author = {Stephan Pfister and Laura Scherer and Anne-Marie Boulay and Masaharu Motoshita and Montserrat Núñez and Mattia Damiani and Alessandro Manzardo and Jing Huang and Andreas Link and Jonas Bunsen and Markus Berger},

doi = {10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.154108},

issn = {0048-9697},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

volume = {825},

pages = {154108},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Debarre2022,

title = {Freshwater consumption and domestic water deprivation in LCIA: revisiting the characterization of human health impacts},

author = {Laura Debarre and Anne-Marie Boulay and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-022-02054-9},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

booktitle = {SETAC Copenhagen},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {27},

issue = {5},

pages = {740-754},

abstract = {Purpose 

An insufficient amount of available domestic water can lead to an increase in the occurrence of water-related diseases. No LCIA consensus has been reached on how to model the potential impacts on human health resulting from water use implying domestic water deprivation. Building on Boulay et al. (2011), this research work provides an updated and revisited characterization model and factors assessing the potential impact on human health induced along this impact pathway. 

Method 

This work consolidates the cause-effect chain linking water use to domestic impacts on human health. The revised fate factor aligns current water use assessment methods and includes information not only on the physical water scarcity but also on the level of population access to water in a region. Building on Boulay et al. (2011), the global effect factor is revised. The data source is updated, and a novel approach is developed estimating the domestic water deficit. Country-scale exposure factors are updated, building on Boulay et al. (2011)’s proposal to rely on the gross national income per capita as a proxy for a country’s capacity to adapt to water shortages. 

Results and discussion 

Compared to Boulay et al. (2011), the revised fate and exposure factors show lower values as a result of different methodological choices and of the overall increase of GNI per capita, respectively. The revised value of the effect factor is equal to 3.13E-3DALY/m3 which compares to the value of 3.11E-3 in Boulay et al. (2011). Revised characterization factors (CF) range from 0 DALY/m3 (the potential impact on human health due to water use is null with respect to domestic water deprivation) to 3.13E-3 DALY/m3. The distribution of the new CFs shows an order of magnitude decrease compared to the previous model. These CFs assess the consequences on human health induced by water use leading to short-term water deprivation. 

Conclusion and recommendations 

This research work helps to better account for the impacts of water use at the endpoint level. However, it underlines significant limitations in the current calculation of the effect factor, in particular regarding current quantification of domestic water deprivation. These shortcomings prevent the model from considering a difference in vulnerability to health damages from the deprivation of 1 m3 of domestic water. This research work argues for additional research efforts aimed at developing an alternative calculation method for this factor.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Debarre2022b,

title = {Freshwater consumption and domestic water deprivation in LCIA: revisiting the characterization of human health impacts},

author = { Laura Debarre and Anne-Marie Boulay and Manuele Margni},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-022-02054-9},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {27},

issue = {5},

pages = {740-754},

abstract = {Purpose 

An insufficient amount of available domestic water can lead to an increase in the occurrence of water-related diseases. No LCIA consensus has been reached on how to model the potential impacts on human health resulting from water use implying domestic water deprivation. Building on Boulay et al. (2011), this research work provides an updated and revisited characterization model and factors assessing the potential impact on human health induced along this impact pathway. 

Method 

This work consolidates the cause-effect chain linking water use to domestic impacts on human health. The revised fate factor aligns current water use assessment methods and includes information not only on the physical water scarcity but also on the level of population access to water in a region. Building on Boulay et al. (2011), the global effect factor is revised. The data source is updated, and a novel approach is developed estimating the domestic water deficit. Country-scale exposure factors are updated, building on Boulay et al. (2011)’s proposal to rely on the gross national income per capita as a proxy for a country’s capacity to adapt to water shortages. 

Results and discussion 

Compared to Boulay et al. (2011), the revised fate and exposure factors show lower values as a result of different methodological choices and of the overall increase of GNI per capita, respectively. The revised value of the effect factor is equal to 3.13E-3DALY/m3 which compares to the value of 3.11E-3 in Boulay et al. (2011). Revised characterization factors (CF) range from 0 DALY/m3 (the potential impact on human health due to water use is null with respect to domestic water deprivation) to 3.13E-3 DALY/m3. The distribution of the new CFs shows an order of magnitude decrease compared to the previous model. These CFs assess the consequences on human health induced by water use leading to short-term water deprivation. 

Conclusion and recommendations 

This research work helps to better account for the impacts of water use at the endpoint level. However, it underlines significant limitations in the current calculation of the effect factor, in particular regarding current quantification of domestic water deprivation. These shortcomings prevent the model from considering a difference in vulnerability to health damages from the deprivation of 1 m3 of domestic water. This research work argues for additional research efforts aimed at developing an alternative calculation method for this factor.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Corella-Puertas2022d,

title = {Development of simplified characterization factors for the assessment of expanded polystyrene and tire wear microplastic emissions applied in a food container life cycle assessment},

author = { Elena Corella-Puertas and Pauline Guieu and Alessio Aufoujal and Cécile Bulle and Anne-Marie Boulay},

doi = {10.1111/jiec.13269},

issn = {1088-1980},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {26},

issue = {6},

pages = {1882-1894},

abstract = {To date, life cycle assessment (LCA) does not include a methodology for assessing the impacts of plastic litter leaked to the environment. This limits the applicability of LCA as a tool to compare the potential impacts of single-use plastics and their alternatives on ecosystem quality and human health. As a contribution to tackle this issue, this work proposes simplified fate and characterization factors (CFs) for modeling the impacts of two types of microplastics—expanded polystyrene and tire and road wear particles—in the marine environment. In terms of fate mechanisms, this work explores different sedimentation, degradation, and fragmentation rate scenarios, based on literature values and expert estimates. Whereas the fate of expanded polystyrene is sensitive to the different fragmentation, degradation, and sedimentation scenarios, for tire and road wear particles the fate is primarily sensitive to sedimentation. The fate factors are integrated into CFs using an existing exposure and effect factor for microplastics in aquatic environments. Since the CFs of the two studied microplastics show important differences, these results reveal the need for developing polymer-specific CFs. Finally, the CFs are tested in a case study of on-the-go food containers (one single-use plastic, two compostable alternatives, and one reusable plate). Depending on the fate scenario, plastic litter impacts range from barely noticeable to more than doubling the total potential damage to ecosystem quality, compared to no plastic litter impact assessment. The high uncertainty of the results encourages further research on modeling microplastic fate and impacts in detail.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2021,

title = {Marine plastics in LCA: current status and MarILCA’s contributions},

author = {Anne-Marie Boulay and Francesca Verones and Ian Vázquez-Rowe},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-021-01975-1},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {26},

issue = {11},

pages = {2105-2108},

abstract = {Although it is not yet current practice in life cycle assessment, it is recommended that impact assessment methods be accompanied by their uncertainty data to better guide the decision maker. This work uses the best available information to assess uncertainty of the AWARE model for water scarcity and corresponding sensitivities of input parameters. An uncertainty estimate for the AWARE characterization factors (CFs) is provided via (1) arrays (5000 values per CF) with statistics, (2) dispersion analysis, and (3) distribution best fit and parameters. Results show that uncertainty, represented by the dispersion of the values, varies significantly around the world and tends to be more important in regions of higher scarcity and low in most regions around the world (area based) in terms of absolute spread. Globally, values of 18.8 and 66.28 are found for the spread, represented by the interpercentile range (95%) and interquartile range (25–75%), respectively. The lognormal distribution shows the best fit for most regions around the world and could be used as a default distribution. Two parameters come out as influential: actual water availability (because of precipitation uncertainty) and the global hydrological model itself (because of the variability of results obtained from different models). When compared with uncertainty associated with spatio-temporal variability, uncertainties found in this work are generally lower, and hence improving resolution in water scarcity assessments (to monthly and watershed levels) should remain the priority. Finally, required data for software integration of AWARE uncertainty are provided. This article met the requirements for a Gold-Gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lavoie2021,

title = {Aquatic micro‐ and nano‐plastics in life cycle assessment: Development of an effect factor for the quantification of their physical impact on biota},

author = {Jérôme Lavoie and Anne-Marie Boulay and Cécile Bulle},

doi = {10.1111/jiec.13140},

issn = {1088-1980},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},

volume = {26},

issue = {6},

pages = {2123-2135},

abstract = {Plastic litter of all sizes has been acknowledged as a serious threat to biodiversity, especially in the marine environment. The fact that life cycle assessment (LCA) does not properly consider these issues is a serious problem for the aspirations of LCA in the public sphere. This paper focuses on micro- and nano-sized plastics (MNPs), which have the potential to cause a substantial impact on ecosystem quality because of their increased presence in the marine compartment and capacity to affect a greater range of species. The data regarding MNPs’ effect on different aquatic species were extracted from the academic literature. These data were then explored and analyzed to bring to light the possibilities in terms of effect factor (EF) developments and the existing relations between effect on aquatic ecosystems and different parameters such as particle size, polymer type, and shape. No significant difference could be observed between the effect of the different subgroups of MNPs tested when considering a single species. However, when including many species in the analysis, differences could be noted between polystyrene (PS) and other polymer types. The high uncertainty on the developed EFs combined with this lack of statistical difference among subgroups at the single species level suggest that the use of a single generic EF could be appropriate for now. This EF is provided along with Species Sensitivity Distributions developed to allow for a quick visualization of the gathered data used to generate the EFs. This EF can now be used to quantify the physical impact of all MNPs in life cycle impact assessment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2021b,

title = {Marine plastics in LCA: current status and MarILCA’s contributions},

author = { Anne-Marie Boulay and Francesca Verones and Ian Vázquez-Rowe},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-021-01975-1},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {26},

issue = {11},

pages = {2105-2108},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2021c,

title = {Building consensus on water use assessment of livestock production systems and supply chains: Outcome and recommendations from the FAO LEAP Partnership},

author = { Anne-Marie Boulay and Katrin Drastig and Amanullah and Ashok Chapagain and Veronica Charlon and Bárbara Civit and Camillo DeCamillis and Marlos De Souza and Tim Hess and Arjen Y. Hoekstra and Ridha Ibidhi and Michael J. Lathuillière and Alessandro Manzardo and Tim McAllister and Ricardo A. Morales and Masaharu Motoshita and Julio Cesar Pascale Palhares and Giacomo Pirlo and Brad Ridoutt and Valentina Russo and Gloria Salmoral and Ranvir Singh and Davy Vanham and Stephen Wiedemann and Weichao Zheng and Stephan Pfister},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {124},

pages = {107391},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Karimpour2021,

title = {Evaluation of sector-specific AWARE characterization factors for water scarcity footprint of electricity generation},

author = {Shooka Karimpour and Anne-Marie Boulay and Cécile Bulle},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720355923},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142063},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

volume = {753},

pages = {142063},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Woods2021,

title = {A framework for the assessment of marine litter impacts in life cycle impact assessment},

author = {John S. Woods and Francesca Verones and Olivier Jolliet and Ian Vázquez-Rowe and Anne-Marie Boulay},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X21005835},

doi = {10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2021.107918},

issn = {1470-160X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {129},

pages = {107918},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2020,

title = {Sub-national regionalisation of the AWARE indicator for water scarcity footprint calculations},

author = {Anne-Marie Boulay and Leo Lenoir},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X19310131},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106017},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {111},

pages = {106017},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bjørna,

title = {A planetary boundary-based method for freshwater use in life cycle assessment: Development and application to a tomato production case study},

author = {Anders Bjørn and Sarah Sim and Anne-Marie Boulay and Henry King and Julie Clavreul and Wan Yee Lam and Valerio Barbarossa and Cécile Bulle and Manuele Margni},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X19308593},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105865},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {110},

pages = {105865},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ISI:000563249200001,

title = {Review of life-cycle based methods for absolute environmental sustainability assessment and their applications},

author = {Anders Bjørn and Chanjief Chandrakumar and Anne-Marie Boulay and Gabor Doka and Kai Fang and Natacha Gondran and Michael Zwicky Hauschild and Annemarie Kerkhof and Henry King and Manuele Margni and Sarah McLaren and Carina Mueller and Mikolaj Owsianiak and Greg Peters and Sandra Roos and Serenella Sala and Gustav Sandin and Sarah Sim and Marcial Vargas-Gonzalez and Morten Ryberg},

doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab89d7},

issn = {1748-9326},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Letters},

volume = {15},

issue = {8},

publisher = {IOP PUBLISHING LTD},

abstract = {In many regions and at the planetary scale, human pressures on the environment exceed levels that natural systems can sustain. These pressures are caused by networks of human activities, which often extend across countries and continents due to global trade. This has led to an increasing requirement for methods that enable absolute environmental sustainability assessment (AESA) of anthropogenic systems and which have a basis in life cycle assessment (LCA). Such methods enable the comparison of environmental impacts of products, companies, nations, etc, with an assigned share of environmental carrying capacity for various impact categories. This study is the first systematic review of LCA-based AESA methods and their applications. After developing a framework for LCA-based AESA methods, we identified 45 relevant studies through an initial survey, database searches and citation analysis. We characterized these studies according to their intended application, impact categories, basis of carrying capacity estimates, spatial differentiation of environmental model and principles for assigning carrying capacity. We then characterized all method applications and synthesized their results. Based on this assessment, we present recommendations to practitioners on the selection and use of existing LCA-based AESA methods, as well as ways to perform assessments and communicate results to decision-makers. Furthermore, we identify future research priorities intended to extend coverage of all components of the proposed method framework, improve modeling and increase the applicability of methods.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ISI:000603569600006,

title = {Marginal and non-marginal approaches in characterization: how context and scale affect the selection of an adequate characterization model. The AWARE model example},

author = {Anne-Marie Boulay and Lorenzo Benini and Serenella Sala},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-019-01680-0},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {25},

issue = {12},

pages = {2380-2392},

publisher = {SPRINGER HEIDELBERG},

abstract = {Purpose LCA traditionally has been founded on the ceteris paribus principle, by which the assessed contribution is assumed not to affect the background state, i.e., being marginal. As LCA is increasingly used to assess interventions at larger scales (e.g., territory, sectors), it becomes necessary to provide adequate characterization factors. Applying this concept to the water scarcity footprint AWARE model, this paper has for main objective to provide guidance on the use of different characterization approaches; the resulting interpretation, including in relation to normalization; and the implication for decision making. Methods The specific case of AWARE is taken, and average factors are calculated by integrating the characterization factor's equation of the AWARE model with respect to local water consumption, and dividing the total impacts obtained per each cubic meter consumed. The resulting average factors are applied (at the country scale) to European Union countries for the total water consumption, and the results are compared with the same assessment performed using the traditional marginal factors. Results and discussion Average CF at the watershed level for AWARE are provided for the country scale. Differences, sometimes significant, are observed between the two sets, with the average factors always being lower than (or equal to) the marginal ones. The rank correlation coefficient (correlation between the watershed values' rank with both approaches) is of 0.965, and the mean difference coefficient is 0.16 (the larger the value, the more different the datasets, out of a maximum value of 2). For countries presenting areas with potentially more extreme water scarcity, the difference between the two normalization sets is higher, reflecting that there can be significant differences in applying the marginal or average CFs. A set of points for attention for methodological choices are presented and specific recommendations discussed from the perspective of the practitioner. In particular, by building on the shortcomings shown of marginal and average characterization factors, a broader application of LCIA is proposed to large-scale, non-marginal, and prospective assessments. Conclusions In conclusion, as goals and scopes of life-cycle-based studies are expanding, it is important to ensure that methodologies used reflect the new applications and the specific context for which LCA is needed. This paper provides the average CF for the AWARE model, which will now allow practitioners to assess water scarcity footprint of large interventions coherently, providing guidance on the implication of the selection of marginal or average CFs and the interpretation thereof. It also provides important guidance for practitioner to apply when using characterization factors of any methods in order to ensure coherence of their interpretation and consistency within their study.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2019,

title = {Bridging the Data Gap in the Water Scarcity Footprint by Using Crop-Specific AWARE Factors},

author = {Anne-Marie Boulay and Léo Lenoir and Alessandro Manzardo},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/12/2634},

doi = {10.3390/w11122634},

issn = {2073-4441},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Water},

volume = {11},

issue = {12},

pages = {2634},

abstract = {The assessment of the water scarcity footprint of products emerged as an important step in supporting water management strategies. Among others, the AWARE methodology was published as a consensus-based indicator to perform such an assessment at a watershed level and monthly scale. The need to adopt such a detailed resolution, however, collides with the availability of data, so that general year and country-wide factors are commonly used. The objective of this study is to develop and verify the applicability of 26 crop-specific water scarcity characterization factors to help assess the water scarcity footprint when data and information availability is limited. To do so, a weighted average consumption approach was adopted, starting from local AWARE characterization factors and local crop-specific water consumption. The resulting factors, ranging from 0.19 m3/ton eq for “other perennial crop” in Brunei to 9997 m3/ton eq for “other annual crop” in Mauritania, illustrate the large variability of potential water scarcity impacts. Factors were applied to the water consumption of selected crops to assess their water scarcity footprint. The results of the study confirmed that the use of crop-specific factors is recommended as they are a better proxy of water scarcity in a region when compared to their national generic counterparts.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pradinaud2019a,

title = {Defining freshwater as a natural resource: a framework linking water use to the area of protection natural resources},

author = {Charlotte Pradinaud and Stephen Northey and Ben Amor and Jane Bare and Lorenzo Benini and Markus Berger and Anne-Marie Boulay and Guillaume Junqua and Michael J. Lathuillière and Manuele Margni and Masaharu Motoshita and Briana Niblick and Sandra Payen and Stephan Pfister and Paula Quinteiro and Thomas Sonderegger and Ralph K. Rosenbaum},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-018-1543-8},

isbn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {24},

issue = {5},

pages = {960-974},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bulle2019,

title = {IMPACT World+: a globally regionalized life cycle impact assessment method},

author = {Cécile Bulle and Manuele Margni and Laure Patouillard and Anne-Marie Boulay and Guillaume Bourgault and Vincent De Bruille and Viêt Cao and Michael Zwicky Hauschild and Andrew D. Henderson and Sebastien Humbert and Sormeh Kashef-Haghighi and Anna Kounina and Alexis Laurent and Annie Levasseur and Gladys Liard and Ralph K. Rosenbaum and Pierre-Olivier Roy and Shanna Shaked and Peter Fantke and Olivier Jolliet},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-019-01583-0},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-019-01583-0},

issn = {1614-7502},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

abstract = {This paper addresses the need for a globally regionalized method for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), integrating multiple state-of-the-art developments as well as damages on water and carbon areas of concern within a consistent LCIA framework. This method, named IMPACT World+, is the update of the IMPACT 2002+, LUCAS, and EDIP methods. This paper first presents the IMPACT World+ novelties and results and then analyzes the spatial variability for each regionalized impact category.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jolliet2018,

title = {Global guidance on environmental life cycle impact assessment indicators: impacts of climate change, fine particulate matter formation, water consumption and land use},

author = {Olivier Jolliet and Assumpció Anton and Anne-Marie Boulay and Francesco Cherubini and Peter Fantke and Annie Levasseur and Thomas E. McKone and Ottar Michelsen and Llorenç Milà Canals and Masaharu Motoshita and Stephan Pfister and Francesca Verones and Bruce Vigon and Rolf Frischknecht},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-018-1443-y},

isbn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {23},

issue = {11},

pages = {2189-2207},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Absar2018,

title = {The tradeoff between water and carbon footprints of Barnett Shale gas},

author = {Syeda Mariya Absar and Anne-Marie Boulay and Maria F. Campa and Benjamin L. Preston and Adam Taylor},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.140},

isbn = {0959-6526},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {197},

pages = {47-56},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nunez2018,

title = {A Multimedia Hydrological Fate Modeling Framework To Assess Water Consumption Impacts in Life Cycle Assessment},

author = {Montserrat Núñez and Ralph K. Rosenbaum and Shooka Karimpour and Anne-Marie Boulay and Michael J. Lathuillière and Manuele Margni and Laura Scherer and Francesca Verones and Stephan Pfister},

doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b05207},

isbn = {0013-936X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science & Technology},

volume = {52},

issue = {8},

pages = {4658-4667},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Caldeira2018,

title = {Water footprint profile of crop-based vegetable oils and waste cooking oil: Comparing two water scarcity footprint methods},

author = {Carla Caldeira and Paula Quinteiro and Erica Castanheira and Anne-Marie Boulay and Ana C. Dias and Luis Arroja and Fausto Freire},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.221},

isbn = {0959-6526},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {195},

pages = {1190-1202},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Motoshita2018,

title = {Consistent characterisation factors at midpoint and endpoint relevant to agricultural water scarcity arising from freshwater consumption},

author = {Masaharu Motoshita and Yuya Ono and Stephan Pfister and Anne-Marie Boulay and Markus Berger and Keisuke Nansai and Kiyotaka Tahara and Norihiro Itsubo and Atsushi Inaba},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-014-0811-5},

isbn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {23},

issue = {12},

pages = {2276-2287},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boulay2018a,

title = {The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE)},

author = {Anne-Marie Boulay and Jane Bare and Lorenzo Benini and Markus Berger and Michael J. Lathuillière and Alessandro Manzardo and Manuele Margni and Masaharu Motoshita and Montserrat Núñez and Amandine Valerie Pastor and Brad Ridoutt and Taikan Oki and Sebastien Worbe and Stephan Pfister},

url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8},

doi = {10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8},

issn = {0948-3349},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},

volume = {23},

issue = {2},

pages = {368-378},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Clift2017,

title = {The Challenges of Applying Planetary Boundaries as a Basis for Strategic Decision-Making in Companies with Global Supply Chains},

author = {Roland Clift and Sarah Sim and Henry King and Jonathan L. Chenoweth and Ian Christie and Julie Clavreul and Carina Mueller and Leo Posthuma and Anne-Marie Boulay and Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer and Julia Chatterton and Fabrice DeClerck and Angela Druckman and Chris France and Antonio Franco and Dieter Gerten and Mark Goedkoop and Michael Zwicky Hauschild and Mark A. J. Huijbregts and Thomas Koellner and Eric F. Lambin and Jacquetta Lee and Simon Mair and Stuart Marshall and Michael S. McLachlan and Llorenç Milà Canals and Cynthia Mitchell and Edward Price and Johan Rockstrom and James Suckling and Richard Murphy},

doi = {10.3390/su9020279},

isbn = {2071-1050},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability},

volume = {9},

issue = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pfister2017,

title = {Understanding the LCA and ISO water footprint: A response to Hoekstra (2016) “A critique on the water-scarcity weighted water footprint in LCA”},

author = {Stephan Pfister and Anne-Marie Boulay and Markus Berger and Michalis Hadjikakou and Masaharu Motoshita and Tim Hess and Brad Ridoutt and Jan Weinzettel and Laura Scherer and Petra Döll and Alessandro Manzardo and Montserrat Núñez and Francesca Verones and Sebastien Humbert and Kurt Buxmann and Kevin Harding and Lorenzo Benini and Taikan Oki and Matthias Finkbeiner and Andrew D. Henderson},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X16304599},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.07.051},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {72},

pages = {352-359},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}